Admin
January 29, 2024
Seawalls serve as guardians against the relentless forces of nature, protecting coastal properties and landscapes. However, the construction of these vital structures is often fraught with challenges. A concerning trend has emerged in the world of seawall construction: some new seawalls, which should stand strong for decades, are showing signs of failure within the first few years of construction. This alarming issue not only poses a risk to property but also calls into question the methods and materials that some are using in modern seawall construction.
A Common Cause of Early Seawall Failure
The primary cause for early failures in many new seawalls is a shift away from traditional, more reliable construction methods. Historically, seawall construction adhered to standards set by the Army Corps of Engineers, which included the use of high-quality filter fabric on the back side of the seawalls. This fabric played a crucial role in stabilizing the structure by preventing soil erosion from behind the wall, thereby maintaining its integrity. In contrast, many modern construction practices, driven by cost-cutting measures, have deviated from this proven method. Instead of using a continuous layer of high-quality filter fabric, they often resort to using only small strips of inexpensive landscape fabric, covering just the joints. This approach, which involves securing the fabric strips with furring strips similar to those used in carpet installation, is significantly less effective. The fabric, not designed to withstand the demands of seawall construction, can easily detach even during the soil backfill process. This inadequate method leads to the quick deterioration of the seawall, as the soil erosion from the landward side compromises the seawall’s stability, triggering a cascade of structural failures.
Consequences of Cutting Corners
One of the most immediate issues is the loss of soil from the landward side into the waterward side of the seawall. This soil erosion, triggered by the detachment of cheap landscape fabric strips used in place of the traditional high-quality filter fabric, leads to an unstable foundation behind the seawall. As the soil stability behind the seawall deteriorates, a domino effect of structural failures begins. The lack of supporting soil results in the seawall becoming weak against the pressure from the water. This instability can cause the panels to shift, seawall caps to crack, and, in cases where the seawall is constructed of concrete, the rebar within it to be exposed to water and start to rust due to cracking. These structural failures not only lead to significant repair costs but also pose a potential risk to public safety, especially in areas where seawalls play a crucial role in protecting properties and infrastructure from water damage.
A Holistic Solution
Upcoming posts in this series will explain two pivotal solutions that address these challenges in new seawall construction: the injection of polymer materials into the soil behind seawall panel joints and the installation of hydrostatic pressure control systems. The polymer injections serve to solidify the soil, creating a robust, bedrock-like foundation that significantly enhances the stability of the seawall. This method directly combats soil erosion and ensures the longevity of the structure. Concurrently, the hydrostatic pressure control systems are designed to manage the immense water pressure that seawalls face. First, the proprietary polymer repair material SW-RP1 is injected behind the seawall panel joints to solidify and stabilize the soil. Next, drainage channels are cored through the seawall and polymer-solidified soil at strategic weep hole locations. Finally, specialized pressure release filters are installed within these drainage channels. These filters allow water to pass while blocking soil migration, thus equalizing hydrostatic pressure and preventing erosion. Together, the soil stabilization, drainage channels, and pressure filters provide integrated management of hydrostatic forces, preventing structural degradation over time. By transforming the soil into a supportive medium and regulating water pressure, these systems ensure the ongoing structural integrity and functionality of the seawall.